How can rasterio be used to alter the grid spacing when resampling a raster?

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To alter the grid spacing when resampling a raster with rasterio, you can use the out_transform argument in the rasterio.warp.reproject function.

Here is an example code snippet to demonstrate how to do this:

import rasterio
from rasterio.enums import Resampling

# Open the input raster
with rasterio.open('input.tif') as src:

    # Define the output grid spacing
    out_transform = src.transform.scale(2.0, 1.0)

    # Define the output raster dimensions
    out_height = int(src.height / 2)
    out_width = int(src.width / 1)

    # Define the output metadata
    profile = src.profile.copy()
    profile.update({
        'transform': out_transform,
        'height': out_height,
        'width': out_width,
    })

    # Resample the raster with the altered grid spacing
    with rasterio.open('output.tif', 'w', **profile) as dst:
        rasterio.warp.reproject(
            source=rasterio.band(src, 1),
            destination=rasterio.band(dst, 1),
            src_transform=src.transform,
            dst_transform=out_transform,
            src_crs=src.crs,
            dst_crs=src.crs,
            resampling=Resampling.bilinear,
        )

In this example, the out_transform argument is defined using the scale method to change the x-axis grid spacing to 2.0, while keeping the y-axis grid spacing the same at 1.0. The output raster dimensions are calculated based on the new grid spacing, and the output metadata is updated to reflect the changes. Finally, the rasterio.warp.reproject function is called with the out_transform argument to resample the input raster with the altered grid spacing.