In what way does a CPU-intensive process change between kernel and user mode?

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When a CPU-intensive process runs in user mode, it has limited access to system resources and must relinquish control to the kernel to execute system calls such as file I/O or network communication. This can result in frequent context switches between user mode and kernel mode, increasing overhead and slowing down the process.

In contrast, when the same process runs in kernel mode, it has unrestricted access to system resources and can execute system calls directly without needing to switch to user mode. This allows for faster and more efficient execution of CPU-intensive operations. However, running a process in kernel mode also comes with increased risk of system instability or malicious exploitation, as it has access to low-level system functions and memory.