How does caching work in Spring Boot for entities based on their Ids?

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Caching in Spring Boot for entities based on their Ids works in the following way:

1. When an entity is requested by its Id, Spring Boot first checks if the entity is already present in the cache.
2. If the entity is present in the cache, then it is returned directly to the client.
3. If the entity is not present in the cache, then it is fetched from the database and added to the cache.
4. Subsequent requests for the same entity with the same Id will be served from the cache.

Caching in Spring Boot can be configured using annotations such as @Cacheable, which specifies that the method result should be cached, and @CacheEvict, which specifies that the cached entity should be removed. Spring Boot also supports different caching providers such as Ehcache, Hazelcast, and Infinispan.