Can Hive update or substitute all the values in rows of a table that match the values in another table?

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Yes, Hive can update or substitute all the values in rows of a table that match the values in another table, using the JOIN clause. This allows for updating or replacing values in one table based on the values in another table. For example, the following query updates the values in the "sales" table based on matching values in the "new_sales" table:

UPDATE sales 
SET sales_amount = new_sales_amount
FROM sales 
JOIN new_sales 
ON sales.product_id = new_sales.product_id;

This query updates the "salesamount" column in the "sales" table with the corresponding values from the "newsalesamount" column in the "newsales" table, based on matching values in the "product_id" column.