Can a specific pane in an FXML file be designated?

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Yes, a specific pane can be designated in an FXML file by giving it an fx:id attribute, which can then be used to reference the pane in the controller class. For example:

<GridPane fx:id="myGridPane">
  ...
</GridPane>

In the controller class, you can then annotate a field with the @FXML annotation and provide the same fx:id value, like so:

@FXML
private GridPane myGridPane;

This will allow you to access and manipulate the pane in the controller code.