How can one time the individual beam operations using Python?

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To time individual beam operations using Python, you can use the Python time module. Here's an example:

import time

# Start timing
start_time = time.time()

# Perform beam operation
# ...

# End timing
end_time = time.time()

# Calculate elapsed time
elapsed_time = end_time - start_time

# Print elapsed time
print("Elapsed time: {:.2f} seconds".format(elapsed_time))

You can insert the beam operation code where the comment Perform beam operation is. The elapsed time is calculated by subtracting the start time from the end time. The :.2f format specifier formats the elapsed time to two decimal places.