What are the techniques for maximizing the efficiency of building a c++ project within a container?

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Use a slim base image: Choose a lightweight Linux distribution such as Alpine Linux that has a small base image and minimal package dependencies.

Cache dependencies: Use a package manager such as apt or yum to cache dependencies which can improve build times and efficiency.

Optimize build settings: Optimize build settings by configuring the build system to use multi-core processing and caching intermediate files.

Leverage incremental build: Use incremental build techniques to avoid recompiling unchanged code.

Use a distributed build service: Use a distributed build service which can help to distribute the build process across multiple machines.

Avoid unnecessary operations: Reduce unnecessary file system operations and avoid running commands that can slow down the build process.

Use best-practices: Follow best-practices such as keeping the Dockerfile and build scripts version-controlled and optimizing the container image for production use.