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When proxies are marked as 'dead' in a Scrapy spider, it means that the proxies are no longer working or responding to requests. This could be due to different reasons, such as the proxy server being overloaded, blocked, or offline. Scrapy spiders use proxies to access websites anonymously or bypass geographical restrictions, and when a proxy is marked as 'dead,' the spider cannot use it anymore and will switch to a different proxy if available.