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FastCGI and proxy_pass are two different ways to communicate with application servers when using applications such as golang, java, and js.

FastCGI is a protocol that enables communication between a web server and an application server. It is designed to optimize the performance of dynamic web applications and provide a scalable and secure solution for handling a large number of requests. When using FastCGI, the web server sends requests to the application server through a socket or a TCP/IP connection. The application server processes the requests and sends the response back to the web server. FastCGI is usually used with application servers like PHP-FPM or Ruby-Rack.

On the other hand, proxypass is a feature of the nginx web server that allows it to act as a reverse proxy for backend servers. When using proxypass, requests to the web server are forwarded to the backend server without the client being aware of it. The backend server processes the requests and sends the response back to the web server, which then forwards it to the client. This approach allows the web server to offload some of the processing to a separate server and improve performance.

In summary, FastCGI and proxypass are two different ways to communicate with backend servers when using dynamic web applications. FastCGI is a protocol used to optimize the performance of dynamic web applications, while proxypass is a feature of the nginx web server that allows it to act as a reverse proxy for backend servers.