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The process of verifying the syntax of a file or string is called parsing. It involves analyzing the structure of the file or string according to a specific grammar or set of rules to ensure that it conforms to the expected syntax. This may involve checking for correct use of punctuation, keywords, and identifiers, as well as the correct ordering and nesting of statements or elements. If any errors or inconsistencies are detected during parsing, an error message may be generated to indicate the problem and help the user correct the syntax.