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The reason for the smaller size of the Docker image built with JDK compared to JRE (Liberica) is because the JDK includes all the components of the JRE but also includes additional development tools, such as a compiler, debugger, and other tools used for developing Java applications. These additional components increase the size of the JDK image, but provide more flexibility for developers who need to build and run Java applications in a containerized environment. The JRE, on the other hand, only includes the components necessary to run Java applications, which makes it smaller and more suitable for deployment in production environments where only runtime dependencies are needed.