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Apart from semi-structured data in columns, BigQuery can also query:

1. Structured data in traditional row/column format such as CSV, JSON, Avro, and Parquet files.

2. Unstructured data such as text, logs, documents, and images stored in Cloud Storage.

3. Streaming data from sources like Cloud Pub/Sub or Cloud IoT Core.

4. Federated data from external sources such as Cloud SQL, Cloud Spanner, and Google Drive.

5. Geographic data using BigQuery GIS and location-based querying.

6. Machine learning models and predictions using BigQuery ML.