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The FlywayException error message "Validate failed" with migration 2 due to a checksum mismatch is caused by a change being made to a previously applied migration. This can be due to a modification to the SQL script or a change in the database schema that was not properly managed by Flyway. When Flyway applies a migration, it calculates a checksum value based on the contents of the SQL script. If the checksum value for a migration that has already been applied does not match the new value, Flyway throws this error to prevent the migration from being re-executed, which could cause data loss or other issues.