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To establish custom metadata for S3 objects using the Axios PUT method, follow these steps:

1. Set up an Axios instance with the necessary headers and AWS credentials:

   const axios = require('axios');
   const AWS = require('aws-sdk');
   
   const s3 = new AWS.S3({
   accessKeyId: 'your_access_key_id',
   secretAccessKey: 'your_secret_access_key'
   });
   
   const instance = axios.create({
   baseURL: 'https://your-s3-bucket.s3.amazonaws.com',
   headers: {
     'x-amz-acl': 'public-read',
     'Content-Type': 'image/jpeg'
   }
   });
   

2. Retrieve the object's current metadata using the S3 getObjectMetadata method:

   const getObjectMetadata = async (key) => {
   try {
     const response = await s3.getObjectMetadata({
       Bucket: 'your-s3-bucket',
       Key: key
     }).promise();
   
     return response.Metadata;
   } catch(error) {
     console.log(error);
     return {};
   }
   };
   

3. Define the metadata to be added or updated:

   const metadata = {
   'x-amz-meta-custom-key': 'custom-value'
   };
   

4. Use the Axios PUT method to upload the object with the new metadata:

   const putObject = async (key, data) => {
   try {
     const objectMetadata = await getObjectMetadata(key);
   
     const response = await instance.put(key, data, {
       headers: {
         ...metadata,
         ...objectMetadata
       }
     });
   
     console.log(response.data);
   } catch(error) {
     console.log(error);
   }
   };
   

This will update the object's metadata with the custom key-value pair. Note that the object's ACL and content type headers also need to be included in the metadata for the PUT request.