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In a Dockerfile using Powershell, variable assignment and modification can be performed using the following syntax:

1. To assign a variable:

$myVariable = "My value"

1. To modify a variable:

$myVariable += " added text"

For example, in a Dockerfile, you can use these commands to assign and modify a variable for the installation path of a software package:

# Assign a variable named "installPath" with the value "C:\MySoftware"
$installPath = "C:\MySoftware"

# Modify the variable to add "\bin" at the end of the path
$installPath += "\bin"

# Use the variable in a subsequent instruction
RUN setx PATH $($env:PATH + ";" + $installPath) /M