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You can read the text file line by line and append the first element of each line to a list.

Here's an example code:

my_list = []

with open('file.txt', 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        elements = line.strip().split()
        my_list.append(elements[0])

In this code, we use the open() function to open the file named file.txt. We then iterate over each line in the file using a for loop. For each line, we first strip any whitespace using the strip() method, and then split the line into a list of elements using the split() method. We then append the first element of this list to my_list.

After the loop completes, my_list will contain all the first elements from the file.