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Yes, a variable or reference can be assigned to an element of a vector in C++. Here's an example:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
    std::vector<int> vec {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

    // Assigning variable to an element of vector
    int& x = vec[2];
    std::cout << "x: " << x << std::endl; // Output: x: 3

    // Modifying the value of the element through variable reference
    x = 10;
    std::cout << "vec[2]: " << vec[2] << std::endl; // Output: vec[2]: 10

    // Assigning reference to an element of vector
    int& y = vec[4];
    std::cout << "y: " << y << std::endl; // Output: y: 5

    // Modifying the value of the element through reference
    y = 20;
    std::cout << "vec[4]: " << vec[4] << std::endl; // Output: vec[4]: 20

    return 0;
}

In the above code, we first declare a vector of integers vec with some initial values. We then create a variable reference x and assign it the value of the third element of the vector (which has an index of 2, since indexing in C++ starts from 0). We can then modify the value of the element at index 2 of vec by modifying the value of x.

Similarly, we can also assign a reference y to the fifth element of the vector, and modify the value of that element through y.