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There could be various causes of a segment fault error in C++. Some common reasons are:

1. Attempting to access an out-of-bounds memory location.
2. Using a null pointer.
3. Overwriting a buffer with more data than its capacity.
4. Dereferencing an uninitialized pointer.
5. Trying to execute code from read-only memory.

To determine the exact cause of the error, it is essential to analyze the code and identify where the error occurred. Debugging tools, such as gdb or valgrind, can help to diagnose the problem.