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The most effective method for retrieving a key from a large JSON file depends on the specific use case and the programming language being used. However, some commonly used approaches include:

1. Using a library or built-in function for parsing and querying JSON data. For example, in Python, the json library provides methods for loading a JSON file into a dictionary and accessing its keys.

2. Using a streaming parser that can read and search the JSON file in a memory-efficient manner. This is useful for very large JSON files that cannot be loaded entirely into memory.

3. If the JSON file is too large to be loaded into memory or parsed efficiently, consider using a database that supports JSON data, such as MongoDB or CouchDB. This allows for more efficient querying and retrieval of specific keys within the JSON structure.

4. Using a search engine or indexing tool, such as Elasticsearch or Solr, to index the JSON data and enable fast searches for specific keys.

In general, the most effective method for retrieving a key from a large JSON file will depend on factors such as the size and complexity of the file, the programming language being used, and the specific requirements of the application.