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Async execution in Ruby refers to the ability to run multiple tasks simultaneously without blocking the main thread of execution. This can be achieved using threads, fibers, or event-driven programming techniques.

When working with databases using Ruby, the ruby-odbc gem provides a way to connect to various databases and execute SQL statements. Async execution in the context of ruby-odbc means that multiple SQL statements can be executed simultaneously without blocking the main thread or waiting for the previous statement to complete.

This is achieved by using asynchronous methods provided by ruby-odbc, such as the #execute_async method, which returns a promise object that can be used to track the progress of the SQL statement. With async execution, the application can continue to execute other tasks while the SQL statement is being executed in the background, improving the overall performance and responsiveness of the application.