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The regular expression used to substitute a substring that is outside of tags may vary depending on the context and programming languages used. However, a common approach is to use a negative lookahead and lookbehind to ensure that the substring being replaced does not occur within any HTML or XML tags.
Here's an example of a regular expression that replaces the word "hello" with "hi" only if it's not within an HTML/XML tag:
(?<!<[^>]+)hello(?!>)
In this regex, the (?<!<[^>]+) is a negative lookbehind that matches "hello" only if it's not preceded by any HTML/XML tag. Similarly, the (?!>) is a negative lookahead that matches "hello" only if it's not followed by any closing HTML/XML tag.
This regular expression can be used in various programming languages like Python, JavaScript, PHP, etc.