The process for altering characters located at a particular index in Java involves the following steps:
- Create a string variable containing the original string.
- Convert the string variable to a character array using the toCharArray() method.
- Access the character at the desired index within the character array.
- Modify the character as needed.
- Convert the character array back to a string using the String() constructor.
- Assign the modified string to the original string variable.