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To retrieve specific elements from an array that is located within a custom data type in Postgres, you can use the ARRAY function with the indexing notation.
Assuming you have a custom data type called "mytype" that includes an array column called "myarray", here's an example query to retrieve the second element of the array for a specific row:
SELECT my_type.my_array[2]
FROM my_table
WHERE my_type.id = 123;
In this example, "mytable" is the table containing the custom data type, and "mytype.id" is the primary key for the row you want to retrieve. The indexing notation "[2]" specifies the second element of the array.
You can also use other array functions like ARRAY_LENGTH and UNNEST to retrieve more complex information from the array column.