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To avoid including files that have already been committed to a Git repository, you can use the .gitignore file. The .gitignore file specifies files and directories that should be ignored by Git, even if they have already been added to the repository.

To use the .gitignore file, follow these steps:

1. Create a file named .gitignore in the root directory of your Git repository.
2. Open the .gitignore file in a text editor.
3. Add the names of the files and directories you want to ignore. You can specify individual files or entire directories. Use wildcards to specify patterns of files or directories. For example, to ignore all files with a .log extension, you can add the following line to the .gitignore file:

*.log

1. Save the .gitignore file.

Once you have created the .gitignore file and added the appropriate files and directories to it, Git will ignore those files and directories when you commit changes to the repository.