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To set up logback to assign various colors to distinct log levels, you will need to use a compatible console appender and customize the logback.xml configuration file accordingly.

1. First, you need to choose a compatible console appender that supports color coding. Logback supports several console appenders, including ANSIConsoleAppender, which is compatible with most Unix-based systems, and WindowsConsoleAppender, which is compatible with Windows environments.

2. Next, you need to define color-coded log statements for each log level. This is done using the <highlight> tag in the logback.xml file. For example, to specify a red color for all error-level logs, add the following code snippet under the appender section:

<highlight level="ERROR" >
  <color>red</color>
</highlight>

1. Similarly, to specify a green color for info-level logs, add the following code snippet under the appender section:

<highlight level="INFO" >
  <color>green</color>
</highlight>

1. Repeat the process for all log levels that you want to customize with colors.

2. Save the logback.xml configuration file and restart your application. The console output should now display color-coded log statements according to their log level.

Here's a sample logback.xml configuration file with color-coded log statements for various log levels:

<configuration>
  <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
    <target>System.out</target>
  </appender>

  <root level="DEBUG">
    <appender-ref ref="console"/>
  </root>

  <highlight level="ERROR" >
    <color>red</color>
  </highlight>

  <highlight level="WARN" >
    <color>yellow</color>
  </highlight>

  <highlight level="INFO" >
    <color>green</color>
  </highlight>

  <highlight level="DEBUG" >
    <color>blue</color>
  </highlight>

</configuration>

This configuration file sets up color-coded logs for error, warning, info, and debug log levels. All error-level log statements are displayed in red, warning-level logs in yellow, info-level logs in green, and debug-level logs in blue.