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User impersonation with Windows authentication can be implemented in Asp .net Core 3.1 to call a WebAPI by following these steps:

1. Enable Windows authentication in the Asp .net Core 3.1 application by adding the following code to ConfigureServices method in Startup.cs file:

   services.AddAuthentication(IISDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
   

2. Define an interface to interact with the WebAPI:

   public interface IMyWebApi
   {
      Task<string> GetData();
   }
   

3. Implement the interface and call the WebAPI using HttpClient:

   public class MyWebApi : IMyWebApi
   {
      private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
   
      public MyWebApi(HttpClient httpClient)
      {
          _httpClient = httpClient;
      }
   
      public async Task<string> GetData()
      {
          var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync("/api/data");
          response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
          return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
      }
   }
   

4. Use the WindowsIdentity class to impersonate the user and call the WebAPI:

   var user = User.Identity.Name;
   var identity = new WindowsIdentity(user);
   using (var impersonationContext = identity.Impersonate())
   {
      var result = await _myWebApi.GetData();
   }
   

5. Ensure that the application pool account has the necessary permissions to impersonate users by following these steps:

   a. Open the IIS Manager.

   b. Select the application pool used by the Asp .net Core application.

   c. Click on "Advanced Settings" in the "Actions" pane.

   d. Under "Identity", select "Custom account".

   e. Enter the username and password of an account that has the necessary permissions to impersonate users.

   f. Click "OK" to save the changes.

By following these steps, user impersonation with Windows authentication can be implemented in Asp .net Core 3.1 to call a WebAPI.