What is the process of encoding a JSON String to Avro Binary format using Apache Avro?

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The process of encoding a JSON String to Avro Binary format using Apache Avro involves the following steps:

1. Create an Avro schema: Define a schema for the JSON data in Avro format, using Avro IDL or JSON representations.

2. Parse the JSON String: Parse the JSON string, and convert it to Avro record based on the Avro schema.

3. Serialize the Avro record: Serialize the Avro record to Avro binary format using the Avro library.

4. Write the Avro binary data: Write the Avro binary data to a file or send it over the network.

Here is an example code snippet in Java:

// Step 1: Define Avro schema
String schemaString = "{\n" +
        "  \"type\": \"record\",\n" +
        "  \"namespace\": \"example\",\n" +
        "  \"name\": \"Person\",\n" +
        "  \"fields\": [\n" +
        "    {\"name\": \"name\", \"type\": \"string\"},\n" +
        "    {\"name\": \"age\", \"type\": \"int\"}\n" +
        "  ]\n" +
        "}";
Schema.Parser parser = new Schema.Parser();
Schema schema = parser.parse(schemaString);

// Step 2: Parse JSON String and create Avro record
String jsonString = "{\"name\": \"John Doe\", \"age\": 30}";
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
JsonNode jsonNode = mapper.readTree(jsonString);
GenericRecord record = JsonToAvroConverter.convertToJson(jsonNode, schema);

// Step 3: Serialize Avro record to Avro binary
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
BinaryEncoder encoder = EncoderFactory.get().binaryEncoder(out, null);
DatumWriter<GenericRecord> writer = new GenericDatumWriter<>(schema);
writer.write(record, encoder);
encoder.flush();
byte[] avroBinary = out.toByteArray();

// Step 4: Write Avro binary data
try (DataOutputStream dataOutputStream = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("person.avro"))) {
    dataOutputStream.write(avroBinary);
}

In this example, we define an Avro schema for a Person record, parse a JSON string representing the Person record, create an Avro record based on our schema, serialize it to Avro binary format, and write it to a file named 'person.avro'.