How to convert for loops and if else statements into vectors in R?

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To convert for loops and if else statements into vectors in R, we usually use vectorized functions. Vectorized functions are designed to apply a function over a vector or a matrix, without the need for explicit for loops.

Here are some examples:

1. For loop to vector:

# For loop approach
for (i in 1:5){
  print(i)
}

# Vectorized approach
1:5

1. If else statement to vector:

# If else approach
x <- 5
if (x > 0) {
  y <- 1
} else {
  y <- -1
}

# Vectorized approach
y <- ifelse(x > 0, 1, -1)

1. For loop with condition to vector:

# For loop approach
out <- numeric(5)
for (i in 1:5) {
  if (i %% 2 == 0) {
    out[i] <- i * 2
  } else {
    out[i] <- i
  }
}

# Vectorized approach
out <- ifelse(1:5 %% 2 == 0, 1:5 * 2, 1:5)