What is the relationship between the nullptr and pointer arithmetic?

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The nullptr is a special value in C++ that represents a null pointer, i.e., a pointer that does not point to any memory location. Pointer arithmetic is the ability to perform arithmetic operations on pointers, which allows us to navigate through arrays and other data structures efficiently.

The relationship between the nullptr and pointer arithmetic is that when we perform pointer arithmetic on a null pointer, we get undefined behavior. This is because a null pointer does not point to any valid memory location, so we cannot access or modify the data at that memory location.

In other words, if we try to perform any arithmetic operation on a null pointer, the result will be unpredictable and may cause the program to crash or behave unexpectedly. Therefore, it is important to always check for null pointers before performing any operation on them.