What is the distinction between HEAD and master (or main)?

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In Git, "HEAD" is a pointer to the current commit in a branch. It is the commit that you're currently working on. On the other hand, "master" or "main" is a default branch that is created when a Git repository is initialized. It is usually the main branch that contains the latest stable version of your project.

To put it simply, HEAD is a pointer to the latest commit you are working on, whether that is in the master branch or another branch, while master/main is a branch that holds the latest stable release of the project.