Is it not possible to modify the size of TinyMCE using the wp_editor_settings filter?

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Yes, it is possible to modify the size of TinyMCE using the wpeditorsettings filter. You can use the following code snippet to do this:

function modify_tinymce( $settings ) {
    $settings['height'] = '500px'; // Replace with your desired height
    return $settings;
}
add_filter( 'wp_editor_settings', 'modify_tinymce' );

This code will modify the height of TinyMCE editor to 500px. You can replace this value with any size you want.