What does "TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting" mean in relation to logging with Python?

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The error message "TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting" typically occurs when the logging library is attempting to format a string message but there are not enough values provided to match the format placeholders in the message string.

For example, if your logging statement looks like this:

logging.error('Unexpected error: %s', error_message)

But the error_message variable is not defined or is None, you will receive this error message because the logging library was expecting a value to be provided for the %s placeholder in the message string, but it received none.

To fix this error, you need to make sure that all of the placeholders in your logging message string are being matched with values when the logging statement is executed.