How can subroutines be called in assembly based on certain conditions?

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In assembly, subroutines can be called based on certain conditions using conditional jumps.

Conditional jumps are instructions that can evaluate some condition and then either jump to a specified address (or subroutine) if the condition is true, or continue executing the next instruction if the condition is false.

Here's an example code snippet that demonstrates this concept, using the x86 assembly language:

mov eax, 10      ; set up a value to compare
cmp eax, 5       ; compare it to 5
jg greater_than  ; jump if greater than 5
jmp less_than    ; otherwise, jump if less than 5

greater_than:
    call subroutine1  ; call this subroutine if value is greater than 5
    jmp end

less_than:
    call subroutine2  ; call this subroutine if value is less than 5
    jmp end

end:
    ; continue with the rest of the program...

In this example, the code compares the value in EAX to the number 5, then uses two conditional jumps (jg and jmp) to call one of two subroutines (subroutine1 and subroutine2) based on whether the value is greater than or less than 5.

Note that this is just one example of how conditional jumps can be used to call subroutines based on certain conditions. There are many other ways you can use conditional jumps to control program flow, and the exact syntax and instructions may vary depending on the specific assembly language you're using.