How are the Swift Observer Pattern and UIViewControllers related?

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The Swift Observer Pattern and UIViewControllers are not directly related. The Swift Observer Pattern is a design pattern used in software development for creating relationships between objects where one object (the observer) is notified of changes to the state of another object (the subject). This pattern can be used in any software application, not just iOS apps.

On the other hand, UIViewControllers are classes in the UIKit framework used in iOS app development. They are responsible for managing the view hierarchy, handling user interactions, and responding to changes in the app's state. While they may use the Observer Pattern to receive notifications from other objects in the app, they are not inherently related to the pattern.