What does the error message "JavaScript heap out of memory" in relation to Unit Test Jest signify and how is it connected to ineffective mark-compacts near heap limit causing allocation failure in Angular?

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The error message "JavaScript heap out of memory" in relation to Unit Test Jest signifies that there is insufficient memory available for JavaScript to perform as expected. This error usually occurs when the heap size limit allocated for the JavaScript engine is exhausted. When this happens, the engine cannot allocate more memory, and as a result, the application crashes.

In the case of Angular, this error is usually related to ineffective mark-compacts that occur near the heap limit causing allocation failure. Angular relies heavily on the use of JavaScript, and if there isn't enough memory available, the application will run into issues. Ineffective mark-compacts are a form of garbage collection that is designed to free up memory by removing objects that are no longer needed. When these mark-compacts are ineffective, memory usage increases, and the application is more likely to run out of memory.

To resolve this issue, developers can try increasing the heap size allocated for JavaScript or optimizing the code to reduce memory usage. They can also experiment with different garbage collection strategies to improve performance. Additionally, running tests in smaller batches or reducing the amount of data being tested can also help address this issue.