What is the implementation of color coding in matplotlib?

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Matplotlib provides a way to implement color coding using the c parameter in its plotting functions. The c parameter can take various forms, such as a list or array of values, or a string representing the name of a column in a pandas dataframe.

For example, if we have a scatter plot with three different groups of data, we can use the c parameter to color code each group differently:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# Generating some data
x = np.random.rand(50)
y = np.random.rand(50)
groups = np.random.choice(['Group A', 'Group B', 'Group C'], size=50)

# Scatter plot with color coding
scatter = plt.scatter(x, y, c=groups)

# Add a legend
plt.legend(*scatter.legend_elements(), title="Groups")

This code generates a scatter plot with 50 points, where each point belongs to one of three groups (Group A, Group B, or Group C). The c parameter is set to the groups array, which assigns a different color to each group. The resulting plot shows each point colored according to its group membership, with a legend indicating the color coding.