How can a timeout for a Kafka consumer in Java be implemented?

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To implement a timeout for a Kafka consumer in Java, you can use the KafkaConsumer.poll(long timeout) method. This method retrieves messages from the Kafka topics that the consumer is subscribed to, and blocks for the specified duration waiting for more messages to arrive. If no messages are available within the timeout period, the method returns an empty record.

You can set a timeout by passing a duration in milliseconds to the poll() method. For example, to set a timeout of 5 seconds:

KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(props);
while (true) {
  ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(5000);
  if (records.isEmpty()) {
    System.out.println("No messages received within 5 seconds");
    continue;
  }
  // process the received messages
}

In this code snippet, the poll() method will return after waiting for 5 seconds if no messages are available, allowing the consumer to perform other tasks. If messages are received within the timeout period, they are processed as usual.