How can I add space between the data and the border of a subplot with a secondary y axis and a fixed range using Plotly?

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To add space between the data and the border of a subplot with a secondary y axis and a fixed range using Plotly, you can use the ‘margin’ parameter to set the margins for the subplot. Setting the margin to a larger value will add more space between the data and the border. Here is an example:

import plotly.graph_objs as go

fig = go.Figure()

# add first trace
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
        x=[1, 2, 3],
        y=[4, 5, 6],
        name="trace 1",
        line=dict(color="blue")
))

# add second trace with secondary y axis
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(
        x=[1, 2, 3],
        y=[10, 20, 30],
        name="trace 2",
        line=dict(color="red"),
        yaxis="y2"
))

# set fixed y-axis range for secondary y axis
fig.update_layout(
        yaxis2=dict(
                range=[0, 40],
                showgrid=False,
                zeroline=False,
                showticklabels=False
        )
)

# set margin for subplot
fig.update_layout(
        margin=dict(l=50, r=50, b=50, t=50, pad=4)
)
fig.show()

In the example above, the ‘margin’ parameter is set to 50 for all sides. This will add a 50-pixel margin between the data and the border of the subplot. You can adjust this value to create more or less space depending on your specific needs.