What is the reason for mysqldump's failure and the error message "Unknown table 'column_statistics' in information_schema"?

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The reason for mysqldump's failure and the error message "Unknown table 'columnstatistics' in informationschema" is that the version of MySQL being used does not have the columnstatistics table in the informationschema database. This table was introduced in version 5.6.6 of MySQL, so if a version earlier than that is being used, the table will not exist and mysqldump will not be able to complete the backup. A possible solution to this issue is to upgrade the version of MySQL to one that includes the column_statistics table.