Could the background color of the Object Explorer and Result Menu be modified on SQL Server Management Studio 2017?

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Yes, the background color of the Object Explorer and Result Menu in SQL Server Management Studio 2017 can be modified by going to the Options > Environment > General > Color theme section and selecting a different color theme. Alternatively, the background color can be modified by going to Tools > Options > Environment > Fonts and Colors and selecting the appropriate option for Object Explorer or Results Tabs. From there, you can select from various color options or create your own custom color scheme.