Does WSL 1 / 2 use copy-on-write when forking?

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Yes, WSL 1 and WSL 2 both use copy-on-write when forking. This means that when a new process is created, it shares the memory of the parent process until one of them modifies a page. At that point, a new copy of the page is created for the process that made the modification, while the other process continues to use the original page. This technique helps to conserve memory and improve performance.