What are the concepts of overloading and specialization in function templates in C++?

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Overloading refers to the ability to define multiple functions with the same name but different parameters or argument types. This can be done in C++ for function templates as well. Function templates can be overloaded by defining different versions of the function with different parameter types or numbers of parameters.

Specialization refers to the ability to define a specialized version of a function template for a specific data type or set of data types. This is useful when it is necessary to handle a specific type differently than the general case. A specialized function template can be defined by providing a specific data type or set of data types as template arguments in the format:

template<> return-type function-name<specific-type>(parameters)

where "specific-type" is the data type for which the specialized version of the function is defined.