How do you calculate the total of each column, average cover value, and relative average cover value?

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To calculate the total of each column, add up all the values in that column. For example, to calculate the total cover value, add up all the values in the cover value column.

To calculate the average cover value, add up all the cover values and divide by the number of items in the list. For example, if there are 10 items with cover values of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, the average cover value would be (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10) / 5 = 6.

To calculate the relative average cover value, divide each cover value by the total cover value and multiply by 100 to get a percentage. Then, add up all the percentages and divide by the number of items in the list. For example, if the total cover value is 100 and there are 10 items with cover values of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, the relative average cover value would be:

• Item 1: (2 / 100) * 100 = 2%
• Item 2: (4 / 100) * 100 = 4%
• Item 3: (6 / 100) * 100 = 6%
• Item 4: (8 / 100) * 100 = 8%
• Item 5: (10 / 100) * 100 = 10%

Relative Average Cover Value = (2% + 4% + 6% + 8% + 10%) / 5 = 6%.