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The aiNode::mTransformation in AI (Assimp) is calculated using a combination of the parent node's transformation matrix and the node's local transformation matrix.

1. First, the parent node's transformation matrix is retrieved. This is usually the identity matrix for the root node.

2. Next, the node's local transformation matrix is retrieved from aiNode::mTransformation. This matrix represents any transformation (translation, rotation, scaling) applied directly to the node.

3. The two matrices are multiplied together to get the final transformation matrix for the node.

4. This process is repeated for each child node, using the final transformation matrix for the parent as the starting point.

5. The resulting transformation matrix for each node is used to transform the node's vertices and establish its position in the scene.